ABSTRACT
Existing studies show that the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on crime occurrences. However, it remains to be empirically examined whether the regular pandemic prevention and control measures in China can significantly affect the spatial patterns of crimes. To fill this gap, this study chosed the central urban area of Haining City in Zhejiang Province, which had taken the regular pandemic prevention and control measures, as the research area. Using standard deviation ellipse and kernel density estimation methods, this study examined the spatiotemporal patterns of theft crimes between February 2018 and July 2021 in the study area. The results show that: 1) While there were no significant changes in the hourly patterns of theft crimes within a day, the monthly number of thefts in the study area decreased by an average of 53% after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and fluctuated between 100 to 200 thefts per month. The regular COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control measures had a long-term and stable inhibitory effect on the number of theft crimes in Haining City. 2) The intensity and amount of hotspots for theft crimes in the study area decreased significantly during February 2020 and July 2021 when compared with the pre-pandemic period, and the spatial distribution patterns of theft crimes were relatively stable. 3) For the 12 crime hotspots identified for the pre-pandemic period, the monthly number of crimes decreased between 52% and 78% on average after the outbreak while trajectories of their quarterly temporal changes differed significantly. The average crime drop for the 12 hotspot areas were 63%, which was higher than that for the whole study area. 4) Seven crime-control measures were identified among the regular pandemic prevention and control measures based on the routine activity theory and the crime triangle theory. Functional type of place, geographic location, and pre-pandemic local governance ability all played an important role in affecting the actual crime-control effects of the seven regular COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control measures. The results of this study are important for understanding the spatial evolution of crimes under the influence of major public health emergencies and for formulating scientific strategies for crime prevention and control. © 2023, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Covid pandemic brought a significant change in the way people learn, entertain, interact and conduct business. With people working and socializing remotely, social media usage skyrocketed and provided a fertile ground to cybercriminals to exploit the platforms and its users. This paper will explore the rising trend of cybercrime on social media, including specific types of cybercrime such as phishing scams, impersonation and misinformation. The paper will also discuss about the parties mostly affected by cybercrimes. Additionally, the paper will delve into the impact of increase in cybercrime on digital marketing, including the challenges faced by businesses. Overall the paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of cybercrime media during the covid pandemic and how it is impacting the overall society and digital markets all together.
ABSTRACT
Theft is an inevitable problem in the context of urbanization and poses a challenge to people's lives and social stability. The study of theft and criminal behavior using spatiotemporal, big, demographic, and neighborhood data is important for guiding security prevention and control. In this study, we analyzed the theft frequency and location characteristics of the study area through mathematical statistics and hot spot analysis methods to discover the spatiotemporal divergence characteristics of theft in the study area during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. We detected the spatial variation pattern of the regression coefficients of the local areas of thefts in Haining City by modeling the influencing factors using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis method. The results explained the relationship between theft and the influencing factors and showed that the regression coefficients had both positive and negative values in the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods, indicating that the spatial distribution of theft in urban areas of Haining City was not smooth. Factors related to life and work indicated densely populated areas had increased theft, and theft was negatively correlated with factors related to COVID-19. The other influencing factors were different in terms of their spatial distributions. Therefore, in terms of police prevention and control, video surveillance and police patrols need to be deployed in a focused manner to increase their inhibiting effect on theft according to the different effects of influencing factors during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods.
ABSTRACT
Maritime security is facing many challenges due to war conflicts, geopolitics, sanctions, and pandemics. The supply chain for maritime containers has faced considerable obstacles as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous factors, such as port closures, travel restrictions, and a decreased workforce, have impacted the supply chain. The risk of cargo theft, piracy, and other security events has increased as a result of these difficulties. Therefore, it is essential to look at the risk variables that may affect the security of the marine container supply chain during the pandemic. This research paper highlights those risks through the following three indexes: the likelihood index (LI), severity index (SI), and average risk index (ARI) by analyzing 64 risk factors that were prepared and designed by incorporating the Delphi expert survey technique to prepare a systematic questionnaire. The article addresses worries over the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on international supply networks. The causes of the most recent global shipping industry disruptions and their impact on supply chains have been thoroughly examined. In order to reduce the number of disruptions in global supply chains and lower the direct and indirect costs for consumers, the authors have also mentioned the necessary actions that must be implemented. The results concluded after the analysis pointed to "management activities,” such as human resources or the working environment as having the highest possibility of going wrong, whereas "operation activities” were judged to likely be the fatal ones if the security of maritime containers was ever compromised. The main objective of the study is to evaluate how the COVID-19 epidemic may affect international shipping, particularly container shipping, which is currently the most important link in the world's multimodal land–sea supply chains.
ABSTRACT
The article deals with criminal liability for the crime of theft during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Grand Chamber of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court unified the case law in its March 2021 decision. First of all, it rejected the automatic application of the state of emergency, declared to combat the pandemic, as fulfilling an element of the qualified offence of theft of "an event seriously endangering human life or health, public order or property” (Article 205(4)(b) of the Criminal Code), and instead set out the requirement of a factual link between the act and the pandemic. However, a deeper criminal law analysis of the meaning of the qualifying facts and consideration of the constitutional context casts some doubt on the correctness of the Grand Chamber's opinion and subsequent case law. The aforementioned characteristic of the qualified offence can only be fulfilled in the event of an increased threat (expressed in the law) to the protected object (property) in relation to the specific form of the offence of theft. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, such a situation occurred during the application of certain emergency measures of the Government (based on a declared state of emergency), namely during a measure restricting movement between districts in relation to the offence of burglary (section 205(1)(b) of the Criminal Code) or during a measure ordering, in principle, a nationwide obligation to cover the respiratory tract in relation to the offence of pickpocketing (section 205(1)(d) of the Criminal Code). The conclusions of the article could also provide some stimulus for discussion on the interpretation of the bases of criminal liability and the drafting of the facts themselves. © 2023 Masaryk University. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The global pandemic changed many things from the way we do business to how we consume services. This article examines participation in various online activities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, participant opinions about security and privacy opinions are compared in survey results before and after pandemic lockdowns. Responses to questions covering online activities and perceptions about privacy and security from the NTIA Computer and Internet Use Survey from November 2019 and 2021 were analyzed using Chi Square tests. Findings indicate that participation in online activities increased across most categories and that opinions of online security and privacy changed as well. Participants were less concerned about security risks like identity theft and banking fraud and were more concerned with privacy issues of data tracking by online services and the government.
ABSTRACT
The boom in e-commerce around the world since the COVID-19 outbreak has indirectly yet markedly affected business brands and the marketing strategies they use to promote products and services. To effectively respond to this e-commerce trend, companies must formulate plans to navigate the new digital business landscape and to ensure that their brands stand out from those of competitors. A domain name is a string of text that represents a company. Users type a domain name or URL into a browser's search bar to reach a particular website that they wish to view. All registered domain names are unique and cannot be used by anyone other than their owner. For these reasons, some scholars suggested that domain names must be protected through intellectual property laws. However, because the owner of a registered domain name is only entitled to use that particular domain name for a specific period and thus does not have full ownership of it, domain names are not protected by copyright. Because domain names can be used to promote businesses, improve companies' reputation, and create business opportunities similar to any other form of intellectual property, many cases of domain name infringement have been occurred. Such cases include copying of the domain name owned by somebody else to deceive customers into believing a camouflage website is the corresponding official website. Various preventive measures and policies have been adopted in many countries to resolve such disputes. Taiwan's legal system, however, has not yet taken action to avoid such disputes. Any cases regarding the infringement of domain names can only be handled through negotiation, investigation, and evidence collection. First of all, this paper will introduce the definition of a domain name and then describe the types of infringement may occur in various situations as well as the policies regarding domain name management and protection. This study can serve as a useful reference for Taiwan's legal practitioners and future researchers.
ABSTRACT
Gathering and analysing the signals from the field is a key practice in counteracting pharmaceutical crime: the connection between the units dealing with pharmacrime and enforcement/customs offices is quite obvious, but also the networks set up for pharmacovigilance, quality defects, distribution, e-market, GXP should be properly considered, since suspicious signals may be found in reports that are usually not considered in terms of possible criminal behaviours, as it happened in 2014 with the Volcano Operation led by AIFA, that was triggered by a quality report, allowing to discovered an impressive scheme for falsification, theft and laundering of medicines at European level. The usual reports that the AIFA competent office submit to in-depth analysis relate to: * medicines without Marketing/Import Authorization in Italy, found at customs following passengers or in courier shipments;* medicines in transit at Italian customs offices, coming/going from/to third countries;* medicines from third countries, lacking any authorization in Italy, intended for local communities in Italy;* medicines without AIC in Italy, found in points of sale not authorized for the marketing of medicines or illegally held, in large quantities, by unauthorized private parties;* pharmacologically active medicines/active substances, the subject of suspicious commercial transactions between third countries;* falsified medicines, found in Europe and in non-EU countries;* medicines bearing falsified machine-readable stickers;* stolen medicines;and * illegal websites. In this framework, the increase in the use of e-commerce (due to lockdown and pandemic), increasing demand for 'miracle medicines' against COVID-19 and other diseases: illegal framework (and strategies) are changing, as it is reflected in the most recent recurring cases that were investigated, that is, * Traditional Chinese Medicines without authorization in Italy (customs and local shops);* Non authorized medicines marketed as cosmetics (local shops);* Medicines against relevant diseases, e.g. psoriasis, sold as cosmetics (online market);* Counterfeit OTC products from unauthorized channels (online market);and * 'Miracle medicines' for the prevention of COVID-19 (online market and local distribution). The increase in the use of e-commerce (due to lockdown and pandemic) is changing the channels for offering: social network had a major role in creating the demand for 'miracle medicines' against COVID-19, mirroring the one we already know for other diseases. This change in the offer also triggered a change in the communication strategy: the need for a reaction to the so-called 'infodemic', that is, the outbreak of fake news, mainly circulating through social network, forced AIFA to find proper models for showing the whole framework behind many apparently nonrelated issues, underlining the danger related to the new channels/products, more than their illegality.
ABSTRACT
The article offers information on how problem of drug diversion among healthcare workers is exacerbated by lax reporting systems and hospital disincentives to alert patients and raise liability issues. Topics include how diverters can move to other facilities and avoid oversight by medical and nursing boards;how covid-19 pandemic has made drug diversion investigations harder to fund;and how longstanding problem often results in a multivictim crime after an outbreak.
ABSTRACT
Wage theft claims against Australian universities have raised awareness of the substantial proportion of academics who are precariously employed and underpaid. The COVID-19 global pandemic has further highlighted the extent of precarity for many working in higher education. It is in this context that we situate this paper, reflecting on how time is experienced for academics in a period of growing uncertainty, and what this means for individuals who work on casual or fixed-term contracts. While previous research has examined how academics experience time, limited attention has been paid to the ways in which time is experienced by those in precarious employment. Drawing on interviews with 24 academics employed on casual or fixed-term contracts, this paper investigates differences between the experiences of time for those in the ‘precariat' and those in ongoing employment. We describe social acceleration and uncertainty as inherent features of the neoliberal context of academia. This paper builds on Ylijioki and Mäntylä's categories of academic time to illustrate how the paid work of precariously employed academics consists primarily of ‘scheduled time'. We argue, however, that academics in short-term or casual employment also engage in substantial unpaid work or ‘concealed time' in order to compete for future employment. While acknowledging the struggles associated with the acceleration of work for all academics, this paper raises significant concerns about the overwork and risk of burnout for those in precarious employment.
ABSTRACT
The measures in the fight against COVID-19 have reshaped the functions of urban facilities, which might cause the associated crimes to vary with the occurrence of the pandemic. This paper aimed to study this phenomenon by conducting quantitative research. By treating the area under the jurisdiction of the police station (AJPS) as spatial units, the residential burglary and non-motor vehicle theft that occurred during the first-level response to the public health emergencies (pandemic) period in 2020 and the corresponding temporal window (pre-pandemic) in 2019 were collected and a practical study to Beijing was made. The impact of urban facilities on crimes during both periods was analyzed independently by using negative binomial regression (NBR) and geographical weight regression (GWR). The findings demonstrated that during the pandemic period, a reduction in the count and spatial concentration of both property crimes were observed, and the impact of facilities on crime changed. Some facilities lost their impact on crime during the pandemic period, while other facilities played a significant role in generating crime. Additionally, the variables that always kept a stable significant impact on crime during the pre- and pandemic periods demonstrated a heterogeneous impact in space and experienced some variations across the periods. The study proved that the strategies in the fight against COVID-19 changed the impact of urban facilities on crime occurrence, which deeply reshaped the crime patterns.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Humans , Beijing/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Crime , TheftABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has established not only a health emergency, but has generated an emergency in the control of personal data of all those people who make use of technological means, which increased the activity of phishing which consists of the theft of personal data through the circulation of false information through the different social networks, in addition, the circulation with messages related to the cure of this disease only for the theft of data. This research develops a mobile application that detects malicious URLs found within the content of textmessages. The developed application performs an analysis of the URLs according to the database that is updated with each attack detected, performing a blocking of the content and notifies the user of the actions that canbetaken, with this the theft of the personal data of the users is avoided. This application is very useful for all those people who use mobile equipment (mobile) and have no knowledge of these types of attacks, since they are likely to perform the actions that the perpetrators foresee for the obtaining of their personal data, so this application provides a means of security against these types of phishing attacks. © 2022 by the Author(s).
ABSTRACT
The tourism is a trending industry in the current era of the economic growth of the country. Tourism can be explained as travelling to a place which is different from your home city or country for numerous reasons. But the tourism industry has been facing problems like Identity theft, Intermediaries, Payment failures, fake reviews, transparency, settlement, overbooking, policy and most importantly safety concerns due to COVID-19 pandemic. To overcome the above drawbacks after referring to some of the research work come up with a solution called Blockchain. Blockchain is a chain of Blocks where each block contains a set of transactions and the blocks are connected using cryptography. Mainly Blockchain and tourism have the potential to show into a really advantageous combination as this technology will offer additional security, Safety, eradication of middleman, data integrity, decentralized business models, immutability, transparency and accurate contact tracing app for Tourism Industry in Future Smart Society. This research gives the clear idea of how blockchain technology helps to overcome difficulties/Challenges in tourism industries. Our future proposed architecture BLOBIM (Blockchain Based Integrated Model) removes the third party intervention, security, safety, trust, transparency etc. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The fraud landscape for FinTech industry has increased over the past few years, certainly during the time of COVID-19, FinTech market reported rapid growth in the fraud cases (World Bank, 2020). Taking the consideration, the paper has qualitatively understood the loopholes of the FinTech industry and designed a conceptual model declaring “Identity Theft” as the major and the common fraud type in this industry. The paper is divided in two phases. The first phase discusses about the evolution of FinTech industry, the second phase discusses “Identity Theft” as the common fraud type in FinTech Industry and suggests solutions to prevent “Identity Theft” frauds. This study aims to serve as a guide for subsequent investigations into the FinTech sector and add to the body of knowledge regarding fraud detection and prevention. This study would also help organisations and regulators raise their professional standards in relation to the global fraud scene. Design/methodology/approach: This paper revisits the literature to understand the evolution of FinTech Industry and the types of FinTech solutions. The authors argue that traditional models must be modernised to keep up with the current trends in the rapidly increasing number and severity of fraud incidents and however introduces the conceptual model of the common fraud type in FinTech Industry. The research also develops evidences based on theoretical underpinnings to enhance the comprehension of the key fraud-causing elements. Findings: The authors have identified the most common fraud type in the FinTech Industry which is “Identity Theft” and supports the study with profusion of literature. “Identity theft” and various types of fraud continue to outbreak customers and industries similar in 2021, leaving several to wonder what could be the scenario in 2022 and coming years ahead (IBS Inteligence, 2022). “Identify theft” has been identified as one the common fraud schemes to defraud individuals as per the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. There is a need for many of the FinTech organisations to create preventive measures to combat such fraud scheme. The authors suggest some preventive techniques to prevent corporate frauds in the FinTech industry. Research limitations/implications: This study identifies the evolution of FinTech industry, major evidences of Identity Thefts and some preventive suggestions to combat identity theft frauds which requires practical approach in FinTech Industry. Further, this study is based out of qualitative data, the study can be modified with statistical data and can be measured with the quantitative results. Practical implications: This study would also help organisations and regulators raise their professional standards in relation to the global fraud scene. Social implications: This study will serve as a guide for subsequent investigations into the FinTech sector and add to the body of knowledge regarding fraud detection and prevention. Originality/value: This study presents evidence for the most prevalent fraud scheme in the FinTech sector and proposes that it serve as a theoretical standard for all ensuing comparison. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has generally induced mass panic and threat across the world, including Nigeria, due to the perceived uncertainties, fears and insecurities in the communities. Based on this backdrop, this study examined COVID-19 pandemic and insecurity in Nigeria. Convenience accidental sampling was used to administer 1671 copies of a questionnaire on residents through an online/electronic survey. Data collected were analysed descriptively and inferentially. Findings revealed that the spike in crime during the COVID-19 lockdown period is relatively higher than usual with disruption of public peace, theft and rape accounting for the most prominent crime. Meanwhile, most respondents experienced crime incidence between 6 pm and 12 midnight. Ironically, idleness, poor spatial arrangement/planning, poor governance and poverty were the major catalysts for the crime spike during the lockdown, while fear-of-fear (phobophobia) and declined socio-economic capacity were predominant effects of crime experienced. The Fisher’s exact test results revealed a significant relationship between the surge in crime and COVID-19-restrictive measures. The study concludes that the insecurities during lockdown periods have caused both temporary and permanent physical and psychological havoc;hence, it recommends quick advancement of the built environment with smart security measures and social supports for the citizenry during the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, identity theft is an alarming issue with the growth of e-commerce and online services. Moreover, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, society has been pushed towards the usage of masks for people to safely interact with one another. It is hard to recognize a person if the face is mostly covered, even more so to artificial intelligence who have more difficulty identifying a masked individual. To further protect personal information and to develop a secure information system, more comprehensive bio-metric approaches are required. The currently used facial recognition systems are using biometrics such as periocular regions, iris, face, skin tone and racial information etc. In this paper, we apply a deep learning-based authentication approach using periocular biometric information to enhance the performance of the facial recognition system. We used the Real-World Masked Face Dataset (RMFD) and other datasets to develop our system. We implemented some experiments using CNN model on the periocular region information of the images. Hence, we developed a system that can recognize a person from only using a small region of face, which in this case is the periocular information including both eyes and eyebrows region. There is only a focus on the periocular region with our model in the view of the fact that the periocular region of the face is the main reliable source of information we can get while a person is wearing a face mask. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
The next phase of development will be about content and universal access – about using the expertise of our contributors to tackle the 21st century`s pressing labour, work and employment-related problems. Comment le numérique a perturbé la dimension théâtrale du dialogue social lors du premier confinement lié à la COVID-19 Mitri & Sartor - Change in the Prevalence of Nonstandard Employment During COVID-19 Lachapelle, St-Onge & Arcand - L’importance des schémas mentaux en matière de diversité : étude exploratoire auprès d’employeurs situés en région King & Lewchuk - Occupation Health and Safety: A Failure to Protect the Right of Workers to Participate in Enforcement McBride & Adler - Debunking Lien Myths: Empirical Evidence for an Essential Tool in the Fight against Wage Theft Jafary & Carrière - Les effets des caractéristiques démographiques des arbitres sur les sentences arbitrales dans le secteur universitaire canadien Unfortunately, I can’t really say “happy reading.” Comment le numérique a perturbé la dimension théâtrale du dialogue social lors du premier confinement lié à la COVID-19 Mitri & Sartor - Change in the Prevalence of Nonstandard Employment During COVID-19 Lachapelle, St-Onge & Arcand - L’importance des schémas mentaux en matière de diversité : étude exploratoire auprès d’employeurs situés en région King & Lewchuk - Occupation Health and Safety: A Failure to Protect the Right of Workers to Participate in Enforcement McBride & Adler - Debunking Lien Myths: Empirical Evidence for an Essential Tool in the Fight against Wage Theft Jafary & Carrière - Les effets des caractéristiques démographiques des arbitres sur les sentences arbitrales dans le secteur universitaire canadien Malheureusement, je ne peux pas vraiment vous dire "bonne lecture".
ABSTRACT
Background: Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) remain the leading cause of death for Kentucky children above age 1. The Nest has four separate non-profit programs that provide respite child care, legal/psychological support services to survivors of intimate partner violence, parenting classes, and crisis assistance to families (toiletries/cleaning-supplies/papergoods/diapers/formula/food/rental-assistance since COVID, serving more than 400 clients per month). Community need for car seats was previously demonstrated by the 57 used seats they distributed in a year. Methods: Standard national Child Passenger Safety (CPS) checkup forms were utilized, with an Excel data base of seats provided/notes of special circumstances/problems with seats/cars. Forms from October 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021 were reviewed for quality improvement at least monthly, with immediate adjustments as necessary. All education and seat installation occurred outdoors during fall months and on all but the coldest winter days. Staff and families were masked, items used were sanitized and meticulous hand washing was done between families due to COVID. New convertible seats from grants were supplemented with individually- purchased harnessed booster seats to serve older children and with current (never-in- crash, not -recalled) donated infant seats. CPS services were conducted in 4 languages (English, French, Spanish and Arabic) with fluent staff or consenting family members as translators, and were offered both by appointment/previous consultation/referral from Family Assistance and as walk-ins requesting help or were observed to have car-seat/booster-sized children. Results: A small program that distributed seats as commodities without instruction or assessment of child/car was revised into a formal CPS fitting station, addressing difficult cars, large families, grandparents raising grandchildren, and resettled international refugees. Approximately 90% of families had annual family incomes of < $20,000/year, many below $10,000. Almost every consult for one child revealed multiple children in need of car seat education or new seats. More than 150 seats were checked in nine months. Types of misuse (in >90%) seen include: no seat, child too loose in seat, seat too loose in car, use of infant seats facing forward for too-big toddlers, premature use of no-back boosters (NBB) for small young children when family has no money for harnessed seats or at the mis-direction of a medical professional. Families that live in high crime areas with car theft are bringing in car seats at night so need lighter weight ones, as do grandparents. Conclusion: Taking CPS to the parking lot of an established non-profit has permitted us to reach more families with great need in a place they trust. Types of misuse have provided a real-world window into the potential optimal timing/messages of CPS within pediatric anticipatory guidance, and families have shown how our anticipatory CPS guidance may need to be adapted to work in the environment that people actually live in.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic had a huge impact on the US economy, especially in the tourism, aviation, real estate, information technology, hospitality, and food industries. An increase in companies opting for digital transformation and the work-from-home option has also increased the risk of internet fraud and identity threats. Change in the shopping patterns has witnessed 29% of individuals in the USA falling prey to digital fraud associated with COVID-19. This study witnessed a significant increase in the rate of internet thefts, phishing, scamming and financial frauds in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meta-analysis performed using the previously reported data on the proportion of internet frauds and identity theft in the USA showed a pooled response rate of 44.71% (95% CI: 44.68-44.73%), 15.18% (95% CI: 15.17-15.20%), respectively from 2015 through 2019. The study also discussed the global forecast and prevention of such internet frauds and thefts post COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
ABSTRACT
Emigrants from Kerala, India, were among the international migrants affected by the displacing consequences of COVID-19 - job losses, decreasing wages, inadequate social protection systems, xenophobia and overall uncertainty - which led to large-scale return migration to India. Returning home due to exogenous shocks calls into question the voluntary nature of return, the ability of returnees to reintegrate and the sustainability of re-embedding in the home country. The role of return migrants in the development of their societies of origin is also unclear. In this commentary, we explore the circumstances of return migration since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on a case study of Kerala and provide insights on the future of emigration from this corridor along with policy suggestions. The role of return migrants in the development of their societies of origin requires further research and policy interventions.